Task 1
Directions：After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished sentences numbered 36 to 40.For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D.You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Who takes care of the elderly in the United States today ？ The fact is that family members provide over 80%of the care that elderly people need, In most cases the elderly live in their own homes.A very small percentage of America’s elderly live in nursing homes.
Samuel Preston, a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, studied how the American family is changing.He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, their parents are usually still alive.The statistics show the change in lifestyles and responsibilities of aging（老龄化） Americans.The average middle-aged couple can look forward to caring for elderly parents sometimes after their own children have grown up.Moreover, because people today live longer after an illness than people did years ago, family must provide long-term care.These facts also mean that after caregivers provide for their elderly parents, who will eventually die, they will be old and may require care too.When they do, their spouses（配偶）will probably take care of them because they have had fewer children than their parents did.
Because Americans are living longer than ever, more social workers have begun to study ways of caregiving to improve the care of the elderly.They have found that all caregivers share a common char-acteristic：They believe that they are the best people for the job.The social workers have also discovered three basic reasons why the caregivers take on the responsibility of caring for an elderly, dependent relative.Many caregivers believe they had an obligation（职责）to help their relatives.Some think that helping others makes them feel more useful.Others hope that by helping someone now, they will deserve care when they become old and dependent.

36.Samuel Preston’s study shows that_.